Notes on the
Update Process


 Checklist of the

Birds of Utah
(Aug - Oct 2026)


 


Notes made by the Webmaster (and acting Secretary), Milt

Recap of Checklist Update Process:


General Statement of Purpose:
(This is the official checklist of the birds of Utah as viewed by the Utah Bird Record Committee)

The UBRC checklist is meant to be a list of the birds that the Committee has documented in the state of Utah with "Codes" that give a general idea of the time of year that they are present in the state  (status codes), and how likely you are to find them when you're in the appropriate habitat and season (abundance codes).  In additions we indicate which species we would like to receive sight records for, so we can continue documenting the species of this list.

The procedure we followed to update the checklist so that the codes reflect the present activity of the birds in the state.

Since we passed the new code definitions for the checklist, we've been trying to implement them in our checklist update.  We've learned some things in the process, that we can report, so that we can create an appropriate checklist as of "Fall 2026:"
  - The new wording for the Accidental and Occasional codes should be changed from "in a ten year period" to "in the last ten years" (to be more clear) and the Accidental code should be simplified (basically leaving out "less than 3 in the past 30 years"  (which basically restates the frequency before and after this phrase).  (Other suggestions are welcomed).
  - The definition of the "Extirpated" didn't fit the proposed species suggested to be in that group.  Even after several attempts to redefine the term, we couldn't find an appropriate definition that would provide a clear and meaningful designation of this group.  It looks like the definition of Accidental ("Not expected and out of normal range") would fit  this group better).  An example is Inca Dove.  I asked Google about the normal range (so you know it's all true! - JOKE), and it told me that the range has actually been expanding, except for the northern edge, because of cold sensitivity, and eBird indicates that there have been a couple of sighting in SE Utah, (2017 (SJ. Co. and 2014 in Grand Co.), so "O" might be suggested according to this..  I think "A(13)" might be a better indication of what to expect , for Utah, presently, instead of "E"   (See the "notes" below)
  - The definition of "Irruptive" was also problematic.  There was a group 6 or 7 birds that were mentioned as possible members of this group, but a definition that would fit, to make this a cohesive group with a clear meaning, was hard to find.  (It might be better to use the "non-irruptive codes" for these species to avoid confusion). (
(See the "notes" below)

Moving forward:
     After we cleared up the code definitions (see above),  we have made a composite checklist (Checklist with suggestions and input), which shows the proposed changes to the checklist and give everyone on the committee a chance to add their suggestions and comments.  Where there are different suggestions we can use a voting form to get the opinions of the committee as to which codes we should use for our checklist.

     Here's our suggestion for the new checklist with an updated code system and also suggestions for individual codes. Vernon and I have checked the eBird Bar Charts for the year range of 2016 to 2026 (data for an updated version - the suggestions by Bryant fit the eBird date very well), and also applied the new codes that have a "documented sightings" number as part of the definition and used suggestions from other committee members who have participated in the project .  Your suggestions and comment are always welcomed and needed for producing the UBRC checklist of Utah birds.
Latest draft of checklist

 Three possible options to consider on how to proceed:
  1 - Review the checklist and add suggestion and comments so we can make appropriate changes.
  2- Make a check list with only the names of the species and an indication of which species we'd like to review.  .(A lot of records committees have gone for this option)
  3- Just use the old checklist until we can get enough volunteers to form a checklist subcommittee to comply with the bylaws. 



 

   Abundance Codes
  Here's a page we consulted for Historical Utah Checklists (1975 to present):
About the checklists

 
     Considering the Irruptive Code:
  History: Irregular (similar to Irruptive) was used in the 2004 & 2009 checklists for these species:
 - Gray-corwned Rosy finch
 - White-winged Crossbill
 - Evening Grosbeak
 
  Code Definitions tried:
   - "Present some years in numbers corresponding to rare or greater, but absent or scarce other years"
 
_ "Not found annually, but some years found with irregular, large-scale movements beyond the normal winter range
  - "A species which occurs in Utah only when it undergoes irregular, large-scale movements beyond its normal winter range"

When applied to the suggestions for "Irruptive species, the definitions didn't seem to make much sense - they didn't seem to fit.  We asked for an appropriate definition, that fits the species that have been proposed, but only the three above have been offered. Bryant responded that the species he suggested were definitely "irruptive," but didn't proposed another definition, and resigned from the checklist subcommittee since an additional volunteer was not found.
In examining the prospects of having "IP" or "IW" code, we decided that the "present codes" would offer more useful information ("UP" and "RW" for example), and chose to use those instead of having an "Irruptive" code for our proposed checklist..
 

  Suggestions for Irruptive:
  
  Irruptive species Present Code Bryan'ts Other suggestion
   - Short-eared Owl UP IP I
   - Bohemian Waxwing UP IW I
   - Redpoll RW IW I
   - Blue Jay OW    
   - White-wing. Crossbill O RP I
   - Lark bunting RS   I?
   - Evening Grosbeak UP   I?
   - Pine Grosbeak UP   I?
   
  Links to a separate document that would explain the situation for each species  (which Bryant provided), was suggested, but doesn't seem appropriate for our checklist codes which are meant to be be a simple, general view of the status of each Utah species.
   
     Considering the Extirpated Code:
  History: Extirpated was used in the 1975 checklists for this species::
 - California Condor
 
 

Code Definitions tried: for Extirpated:
  - "No longer present in Utah"
  - "Formerly nesting species that has not nested in Utah for at least 30 years  and is no longer present"
  - "No longer present in Utah OR not nesting any longer for more than 3 years (or some other number that would be appropriate)"

 

  Below are Bryant's suggestions for Extirpated species:
  
  Extirpated species Note    
    American Black Duck  - First seen in 1938 last seen in 1990
 - Was introduced for hunting, but wasn't able to establish a viable population.
  Passenger Pigeon Last seen anywhere in the world in 1900 - definitely extirpated but this species is not found on the Utah checklist.
  Whooping Crane  - First seen in 1996. Last seen in 2000
 - Attempt to reintroduce this species along an old migration route was unsuccessful. (Also not on the Utah checklist).
  LeContet;s Thrasher - Normal range along border of California and Arizona, north into Nevada.
 - Five sighting in Utah from 1891 to 1990 mainly in Beaver Dam Slope and Mountains. (The normal shifting of species range may be why it hasn't been seen in Utah for a long time).
 -
  Inca Dove It looks like this species, which has previously nested in Utah, but has no longer been nesting for maybe 10 years, fits one of the two level of extirpation mentioned by Bryant,  but I haven't been able to find where this definition comes from.  But in any case, "extirpated" does doesn't seem to fit this species as well as the definition of Accidental, which is "Not expected and out of normal range."
 - Google says  that the range has actually been expanding, except for the northern edge, because of cold sensitivity. (I don't know the validity of this Google information). The eBird data  indicates that there have been a couple of sighting in SE Utah, (2017 (SJ. Co. and 2014 in Grand Co.). Neither sighting was sent into the committee, but this might suggest that  "A(13)" might be a better indication of what to expect for Utah, presently, instead of "E"
 - This species was taken off the Review List in 2002, but put back on in 2025. The last eBird sighting was by Bryant in 2010 at Beaver Dam Wash.
    
  General  results of the new Codes
      The new definitions of "Occasional" and "Accidental" have decreased the number of species in the "Accidental" category (which included almost all of the Review Species) and increased the number of "Occasional" and "Rare" species.  Since Review Species are the ones that the Records Committee are most concern with, it is probably good to differentiate between the more rare and more common Review Species.  (The new category definitions, linked to the number of documented sightings, looks like they works very well!)

     The use of the eBird data, mostly in using the bar charts for the species of Utah, probably increased the abundance of quite a few species.  This could be due to interpretation of the bars on the chart, or because of the increased input from all of the regular birders that use eBird, or the actual increase in birds that are now in Utah compared to the time of the last checklist update. (This is a good issue to think about in our future checklist updates).

     
 
 

Suggestions from Committee Members: 

Bryant: 
Bryant suggested the Code System changes  (A,B, and C), which were voted on by the committee.
    Vote (26 July 2026) - B was accepted
He sent in suggestion for changes  which are in the "Bryant column" of the Compilation list.

Jeff: 
Jeff sent in som individual codes and suggested a definitions for "Irrupted "
"A species which occurs in Utah only when it undergoes irregular, large-scale movements beyond its normal winter range."  I think Bohemian Waxwing and Redpolls would fall into this Abundance code based on this definition.
 
Suggestions for individual species:
  - Vaux Swift as occasional migrant (OM) rather than rare migrant (RM) now that we've removed it from the Review List
  - White-rumped Sandpiper as rare migrant (RM) rather than accidental (A)
  - Red-throated Loon as rare winter or rare migrant rather than accidental (A) since we have seen them during early and late winter months
  - Flammulated Owl as common summer (CS) rather than uncommon summer (US)
  - Boreal Owl as uncommon (U) rather than occasional (O)
 
Kevin: 
Kevin suggested individual codes for some of the species in Washington Co. and others:

"Change Inca Dove from RP to O, as it hasn't been observed since 2023, and the single reliable flock in Washington County has blinked out.
Upgrade Anna's Hummingbird from RW to UP (or maybe even CP in Wash Co.)
Sprague's Pipit: Change from UP to A
Least Sandpiper is listed as CT; should this be CM?
I found two birds listed as OP; this seems contradictory to me? Great Black-backed Gull and Boreal Owl"
 
David: 
Suggested some species that for the Irruptive category:

David's suggestions:
- Redpoll (now - RW - as above)
- Bohemian Waxwing - (now UW as above)
- White-winged Crossbill (now O, Bryant suggests RP)
(? Other species we may consider:)
- Lark Bunting (now R)
- Evening Grosbeak ( now - UP)
- Pine Grosbeak (now UP)
 

 
 

  
  
                               Western Screech-Owl  photo  by Kris Purdy  ŠKristin Purdy